Climate Justice. Environmental and Social Inequalities

Climate justice is a concept that frames climate change not just as an environmental issue but as a matter of social and political equity. It recognizes that while climate change affects everyone, it does not do so equally. The most vulnerable populations—those who have contributed the least to global emissions—often bear the brunt of its impacts. This intersection of environmental degradation and systemic inequality is central to understanding why climate justice is necessary in addressing today’s global challenges.

Marginalized communities, particularly in the Global South, are more exposed to the risks of climate change, including extreme weather events, food and water insecurity, and displacement. These communities often lack the infrastructure, resources, and political influence to adapt effectively. For example, low-income neighbourhoods in coastal regions are more likely to experience flooding due to rising sea levels, yet they may receive less government support for recovery and rebuilding.

In contrast, wealthier nations and corporations—many of which are historically responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions—often have the resources to insulate themselves from climate impacts. This imbalance highlights a moral imperative: those who have benefited the most from carbon-intensive development should take greater responsibility for mitigating climate change and supporting adaptation efforts in vulnerable regions.

Environmental injustice also manifests locally, where communities of colour and economically disadvantaged groups are more likely to live near polluting industries or in areas with poor air and water quality. These environmental burdens are often the result of long-standing social inequalities, including racism, land use policy, and discriminatory zoning practices. The health effects—ranging from asthma to higher rates of cancer—are profound and further deepen existing disparities.

Addressing climate justice means advocating for policies that prioritize equity and inclusivity. This includes ensuring that climate action plans incorporate the voices and leadership of affected communities, investing in clean energy jobs in underserved areas, and promoting sustainable development practices that do not sacrifice human rights for economic growth.

Ultimately, climate justice calls for a transformation in how we understand and respond to climate change, shifting from a purely technical or economic problem to one that demands fairness, accountability, and solidarity. Only by acknowledging and addressing the intertwined nature of environmental and social inequalities can we create a truly sustainable and just future for all.